E-Books Pakistan

Idealistic Approach “Idealism in foreign policy holds that a state should make its internal political philosophy the goal of its foreign policy.”
Idealism (Idealist Approach) and Realism (Realist Approach) have been two competing traditional approaches, each of which wants recognition as the sound approach to the study of international relations. It advocates a particular view of the totality of international reality and believes that it can be adopted as the means for understanding and explaining all aspects of international relations. It also represents the classical tradition of the study of international relations. Both Idealism and Realism are normative approaches in essence and content. The Idealist Approach holds that old, ineffective and harmful modes of behavior i.e., war, use of force and violence should be abandoned in favor of new ways and means as determined by knowledge, reason, compassion and self-restraint. History of Idealistic Approach Since the 1880s, there has bee…

Pillars of Professionalism 
Four pillars support professionalism: commitment, integrity, responsibility, and accountability. 
Commitment Commitment, according to Humphreys, has these six characteristics.  The person making the commitment must do so willingly without duress. The person executing the commitment must like what he or she is doing. If commitments are in the form of assignments with little autonomy, it is more likely the commitment may not be there.  The person responsible must try to meet the commitment, even if help is needed. Because commitments are not assignments, the person who has made the commitment is assumed to have the knowledge, the autonomy to vary steps, and the skills to do the job. Professionals possess these characteristics, plus they have the ability to seek the necessary skills from others to circumvent obstacles that may arise, so more commitment is expected of them. 
There must be agreement on what is to be done, by whom, and when. Professionals entering int…

Who is Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman?Here's the lowdown on His Royal Highness, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman His full name is Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and he was born on August 31, 1985, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The prince is the son of the current head of state King Salman and his third wife Fahda bint Falah bin Sultan bin Hathleen. Mohammed is the eldest of his full siblings and has a law degree from King Saud University in Riyadh. He entered politics in 2009 becoming a personal aide to his dad when he was still governor of Riyadh. Following the death of King Abdullah in 2015 his father took the throne and elevated him to the positions of Defence Minister and Deputy Crown Prince. In 2017 King Salman deposed the previous Crown Prince, Muhammad bin Nayef, and elevated his son to heir apparent. He is also deputy prime minister. Who is the Crown Prince's wife?Prince Mohammed married his cousin Princess Sara bint Mashoor bin Abdulaziz in 2008. The couple have f…

Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman arrived in Pakistan on Sunday at the start of his tour of South Asia and China, but the visit risks being overshadowed by escalating tensions between India and Pakistan.


The CP was received by a high-level delegation, including Prime Minister Imran Khan, Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa among others. Khan - following his tradition - drove the Saudi Crown Prince to the PM house as he had driven His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, earlier this year.
Cash-strapped and in need of friends, Pakistan is welcoming the Crown Prince with open arms for a visit during which he is expected to sign investment agreements worth more than $10 billion.
After taking office, Prime Minister Imran Khan’s first official foreign visit was to Saudi Arabia, which reflects the important place it has always occupied in Pakistan’s foreign policy. Now, the visit of C…

Intellectual Property Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the intellect for which an exclusive right is assigned     to designated owners by law. 

Categories of Intellectual PropertyThere are two categories of Intellectual Property: Industrial Property (Include patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and geographical indications)  Copyrights (covers literary works, films, music, artistic works and architectural design.)  Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are the protections granted to the creators of IP, and include trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, Layout designs of integrated circuits, Geographical Indications and Plant Breeder’s Rights. 
The registration of IPRs are territorial and must be filed in each country where protection is sought. A patent or trademark in one country does not afford protection in another country. The following types of intellectual property rights protection are being offered / in…

What is An Agreement?Every promise or set of promises forming the consideration for each other is an agreement. It is not bounded by the law.ContractA contract is a promise or set of promises that are legally enforceable and, if violated, allow the injured party access to legal remedies. A contract is an agreement that can be enforced in court.
A contract may be formed when two or more parties each promise to perform some act now or to retain in then future. These agreements are about of doing and not doing of something. The parties involved may be legal persons or organizations.Requirements for ContractThere we have Four essential requirements for a contract which are explained below:The OfferThe offer is the "why" of the contract. This section states what a party agrees to either do or not to do upon signing the contract. The offer must be clearly stated so that all parties understand what the expectations are.e.g. A real estate contract will say that one party is buying th…